What does "two-factor authentication" refer to in physical security?

Two-factor authentication is a security process that significantly enhances the protection of sensitive information by requiring two distinct forms of verification before granting access. This method combines something you know (like a password) with something you have (such as a security token or a smartphone app that generates a unique code) or something you are (like a fingerprint). The goal of this approach is to create a layered defense, making it more challenging for unauthorized users to gain access even if one of the factors is compromised.

This system is particularly effective because it requires a user to provide two different types of credentials, which diminishes the risk of unauthorized access. In contexts of physical security, this can involve using access cards along with PIN codes, for example. As a result, the implementation of two-factor authentication is a robust strategy to enhance security protocols and to ensure that access is granted only to verified individuals.